An organised cell that took orders from an Iraqi clergyman in Iran was actively involved in provoking violence by anti-government protesters last year, an intelligence agent told a court yesterday.

He said Iraqi clergyman Sayed Hadi Ahmed Al Madrasi instructed Bahrainis to take up arms against the government and directed his supporters to use anti-government protests last year to further their cause.

The National Security Agency officer was testifying in the appeal of 14 Bahrainis convicted of charges connected to last year's unrest, including encouraging protesters to wield swords.

He said they were part of an organised cell that sought to exploit unrest that broke out in February last year.

"The defendants had different roles," he told the Supreme Criminal Appeals Court.

"Some of them participated and gave speeches at illegal rallies, some contacted foreign TV channels and called for Bahrainis to attack police.

"They incited violence and participated in unauthorised rallies at the former GCC (Pearl) Roundabout, Bahrain Financial Harbour, Bahrain University and Safriya Palace."

Judges adjourned the appeal hearing until July 30 to summon defence witnesses.

Six of the defendants were jailed for 10 years, while eight were given five-year sentences by the National Safety Court.

Other charges included inciting hatred in an attempt to overthrow the regime and change the political system, spreading lies and rumours, publishing photographs seeking to ruin Bahrain's image, illegal gathering and possession of swords during last year's unrest.

It is understood five of the defendants are still at large and were convicted in absentia. Nine others were earlier cleared of the charges.

Those standing trial have connections with the Islamic Action Society (Amal), which was dissolved this month by a Bahraini court.

The Justice, Islamic Affairs and Endowments Ministry filed a case against Amal last month, accusing it of violating the Constitution and the law. The Office of Political Societies Affairs at the ministry said it had recorded numerous "grave and continuing breaches" by the society. noorz@gdn.com.bh